Merakit Keterampilan Abad ke-21 Melalui Teaching Factory dengan Model Discrepancy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/nara.v4i3.366Keywords:
Discrepancy Evaluation Model, Pendidikan Vokasi, Teaching FactoryAbstract
Peningkatan soft skills menjadi salah satu prioritas dalam pendidikan vokasi abad ke-21, mengingat dunia kerja menuntut lulusan yang tidak hanya kompeten secara teknis, tetapi juga adaptif, komunikatif, dan kolaboratif. Teaching Factory sebagai model pembelajaran berbasis produksi nyata dipandang mampu menjembatani kesenjangan antara kompetensi sekolah dan kebutuhan industri. Namun, implementasinya di banyak sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) masih menghadapi tantangan seperti kurangnya integrasi evaluasi soft skills, keterbatasan pelatihan guru berbasis industri, serta lemahnya sistem refleksi program. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Teaching Factory di sebuah SMK swasta menggunakan pendekatan Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara tujuan dan praktik di lapangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan beberapa informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari kepala sekolah, 4 guru produktif, dan 5 siswa yang terlibat langsung dalam program. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif terhadap proses pembelajaran di bengkel kerja dan interaksi dengan mitra industri, serta analisis dokumen perencanaan dan evaluasi. Validasi dilakukan melalui triangulation of sources dan member checking. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik mengacu pada lima komponen DEM: standar, kinerja, analisis kesenjangan, penyebab kesenjangan, dan strategi perbaikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Teaching Factory berkontribusi pada penguatan komunikasi, kerja tim, dan tanggung jawab siswa, namun masih terdapat kelemahan pada perencanaan, konsistensi pembimbingan guru, dan evaluasi soft skills. Rekomendasi meliputi penguatan desain program, pelatihan guru berbasis industri, dan integrasi evaluasi berkelanjutan.
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